Sjögren's Syndrome is a chronic, slowly progressive autoimmune disease that primarily targets the exocrine glands — most notably the lacrimal and salivary glands — resulting in the hallmark symptoms of dry eyes (xerophthalmia / keratoconjunctivitis sicca) and dry mouth (xerostomia). It can occur as a primary condition (pSS) or secondary to another autoimmune disease such as RA, SLE, or systemic sclerosis (sSS). Beyond the sicca complex, Sjögren's causes widespread systemic inflammation affecting the lungs, kidneys, nervous system, skin, and joints. It is associated with autoantibodies anti-Ro/SSA and anti-La/SSB, which are key diagnostic and prognostic markers.
Clinical Presentation
Currently Licensed States:
KCS, corneal ulceration, blepharitis, uveitis
Pleuritis, pneumonitis, pulmonary hypertension
Episcleritis, scleritis, keratoconjunctivitis sicca
Peripheral neuropathy, cranial neuropathy, CNS vasculitis
Laboratory & Imaging
HLA-DR2/DR3, complement deficiencies (C1q, C4), IRF5, STAT4 gene polymorphisms increase risk.
UV light, infections (EBV), hormonal changes, and drugs (procainamide, hydralazine) can precipitate disease.
B cells produce ANA, anti-dsDNA, and other autoantibodies. T helper cells and type I interferons amplify the response.
Autoantibody-antigen complexes deposit in tissues — kidneys, skin, vessels — activating complement and causing inflammation.
Persistent inflammation leads to fibrosis and functional impairment of target organs if disease remains uncontrolled.
Schedule a complimentary 15-minute consultation to discuss your symptoms and learn how specialty autoimmune evaluation could help you find answers.
Rheumatology & Autoimmune Specialist
Providing expert-level autoimmune care with over 30 years of academic medicine experience. Serving Colorado in-person and licensed telemedicine states.
© 2026 Dr. Susan Boackle, MD. All rights reserved.
St. Charbel Rheumatology is located at 3601 S. Pennsylvania St. Suite B, Englewood, CO 80113. Office hours are Monday–Thursday, 8:30 AM – 4:30 PM MT, with limited availability on Fridays. This website is for informational purposes only and does not constitute medical advice. Please consult with a qualified healthcare provider for medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment.